It appears to support the idea of the conservation of ingroupness.

What, precisely, is that “idea”?

Neal Stephenson seems to have anticipated solutions for itinerant or widely dispersed groups, with his corporate-state franchises in Snow Crash (such as Mr. Lee’s Greater Hong Kong) and his phyles in The Diamond Age.

It’s interesting to consider also in light of current migration concerns.

What is interesting is the convergent evolution of the Roma, Irish and Swedish travellers of consanguinity along with a varying degree of moral tolerance of cheating outsiders and anti-social behaviour along with social segregation.

That certainly is the case in highly diverse societies like India. Loyalty to family and caste trumps all, trust levels in the establishment are abysmally low, contracts are not worth the paper they are written on and there is no respect for the commons.

Neal Stephenson seems to have anticipated solutions for itinerant or widely dispersed groups

Do Jews qualify as an itinerant and widely dispersed group?

Only when they feel like it.

“Cagot” sounds like a fertile source of fecal taunts.

Neal Stephenson seems to have anticipated solutions for itinerant or widely dispersed groups, with his corporate-state franchises in Snow Crash (such as Mr. Lee’s Greater Hong Kong) and his phyles in The Diamond Age.

There is a corporate solution to gypsies:
Carl’s Jr. believes no child should go hungry. You are an unfit mother. Your children will be placed in the custody of Carl’s Jr.
Carl’s Jr… “Fuck You, I’m Eating.”.

“moral tolerance of cheating outsiders ” So all these rich folk that bring in immigrants as cheap labor are not considered to be ‘cheating outsiders’. Who in the US is not cheating outsiders? It is just how you define outsider. Do you have an early retirement pension scheme with full lifelong healthcare, if not you are an outsider in the US, but are you being cheated?

Irish Travellers split socially from settled people in 1600s – study
https://www.rte.ie/news/2017/0209/851399-irish-traveller-genetics/

In the UK there was what might be termed anti Catholic pograms in the 1600s, so maybe the Travelers just dropped out of settled society to avoid punishment for being devout Catholics.

search terms: irish travelers genetic isolation
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=irish+travelers+genetic+isolation&atb=v150-3__&ia=web

Good comment from Altai but I wish to object to his first paragraph:

What’s “recently?” We play into the Whig theory of history by overlooking as some kind of throwback the quite recent twentieth century. Which government did more taxing and conscripting, the shogunate or the Empire under Hirohito? The Reich, or the Holy Roman Empire? America in the 20th century, or, just to stir the pot, contemporary Iran?

Libertarians, when they aren’t ignoring history, tend toward the Whig version. We should not do likewise: in the end, states are a diverse lot and they do not automatically become more moral over time. There is no moral arc of the universe.

The Melungeons and other triracial isolates in the upland south were like this. Groups independently pulled out of the larger society at various locations but for the same reason and eventually discovered each other. They stayed dispersed but started intermarrying.

the state was often what Libertarians imagine it to always be, an instrument for taxing you to death and conscripting your sons for wars.

I don’t think military conscription (or military service generally, among the peasantry and burgesses) was common prior to 1789. It was a continental European phenomenon which emerged in the 19th c.

The U.S. Government attempted to institute conscription during the Civil War, but only a modest number of people were actually inducted. People disinclined to volunteer for service could opt-out through paying a pecuniary levy or through recruiting a substitute and paying a bounty. Nearly everyone who did not enlist took this route. The first successful conscription was the WWI draft, which was enacted at a time when the service and welfare functions of the central government were expanding. Draft boards in the U.S. during that war granted deferments if the applicant could demonstrate he had dependents.

In re ‘taxing people to death’, I would wager if you investigated the matter you’d discover it wasn’t the state or the crown doing that, for the most part, but local seigneurs. See Jerome Blum’s The End of the Old Order in Rural Europe for how extensive and intensive were feudal dues in Eastern Europe during the 18th c.

D.C. metro recently decriminalized fare evasion, noting 90% of citations were issued to blacks. Here is a wrinkle: D.C. students, who are primarily black, get free Metrocards. They lose this subsidy after finishing school, and D.C. is an expensive city. I would favor subsidizing youth, but this gets lost in the broader racial issue.

“Conservation of Racial Identity”…….direct consequence of “They all look alike symmetry group”……just google photos of the Chinese Military……a symmetry group closed under multiplication…………the generating set:(PURE HAN GENELINE)=a cyclic group of order HAN……

“Sapir-Whorf reasons”: “Credulous” doesn’t adequately describe events like the Covington Boys fiasco where everybody piles on in dramatic fashion raging because they want someone to hate. Same thing with Trayvon Martin, Ferguson’s “Gentle Giant” or other examples where people pretend to fervently believe something that is blatantly false for purposes of acquiring prestige and power.

I’ve been thinking we need a new word to describe this phenomenon.

Credulous implies gullibility not willing participation in a lie to advance a cause. Disingenuous doesn’t get at it, either, merely connoting lack of complete candor. In-group signaling or virtue-signaling don’t depend on malicious lies being present.

Any ideas on words I’m missing?

My limited understanding of Jewish conservation of ingroupness also involves consanguinity and tolerance for cheating outsiders. When I first read about it, the latter came as quite a surprise. Especially, since most of my friends growing up were Jewish.

Re: Europe. What about various Christian sects that appeared as results of heresies and schisms? The Cathari, the Huguenots, the Amish, English Catholics, Russian Old Believers? More recently the Mormons? There may have been an early period of mass conversion but after a while few wanted to convert and the groups grew more and more consanguineous.

OT

Kevin Mitchell’s recent book on genetics, Innate, has a chapter on intelligence: “Some kids are smarter than others … They start smarter and they stay smarter…. This is no longer a subject that can be argued about in the abstract, or even one that is situated purely on psychological or sociological ground — we now have many insights into the genetic, developmental, and neural mechanisms underlying such differences.”

Anyway, in the course of the chapter he has some sample IQ test questions. There’s one I cannot for the life of me figure out, and amazingly, nobody has asked about it in a way that got it into Google’s index, except for their scan of the book itself in Google Books. Here is the question:

Question 2: 19205111 is to steak as 381918 is to:

(a) peace

(b) chair

(c) person

(d) kite

Here’s the book scan on Google Books:

https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=FkFhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=19205111+steak+381918

This is driving me crazy. Can somebody crack it?

It’s tempting to think the “willingness to cheat outsiders” only appears in extreme cases of group identity (Jews, Gypsies, Travelers). The dynamic of exile and endogamy amplifies group identity and group isolation, resulting in a natural hostility.

Then consider the Chinese. They have an elevated level of group awareness and they enjoy cheating non-Chinese. Anyone who has done business in China knows it is a bandit economy for the outsider, but a completely different experience for the Chinese. Networks, connections, complex favor trading between groups. It is inscrutable to an outsider.

The point being that extreme openness, which has been a bedrock principle of the West since 1946, is the outlier.

Jews are an apposite example of a self-conserving in-group. They didn’t flee a more literate people who wanted to tax them.
They are a more literate people roaming the world in search of someone to tax.

Surnames started up as a way to collect taxes.

The Normans cooked up the Domesday Book to figure out how much loot they could get from the Saxons they hadn’t yet slaughtered.

I was unhappy to see the Bush creatures have some Norman ancestry.

Trump has no Colonial American ancestry, neither does his boss Shelly Adelson.

Appreciate the Ronnie Milsap reference.

In Europe, there aren’t all that many non-territorial ethnic groups left over from pre-Christian days

European Man’s worldview and ethical system comes, traditionally, from its very rootedness in a given territory, on which they do the work and run the society from the ground up.

Disapora peoples (Gypsies, Jews, Muslim immigrants of late in Europe) have developed very different set of ethics specifically because they are (or have been) “non-territorial.” The Jews have Israel today, a fact which has interacted in weird ways with their long-developed Diaspora ethics.

_________

Playing off a certain Not Okay slogan might help:

Maybe there are three types of mentality:

– Blood only

– Soil only

– You can guess the third; a combination of the above with an “and” in the middle.

19 = s. You should have it from there

Just a guess, but:

19 — s
20 — t
5 — e
1 — a
11 — k

3 — c
8 — h
1 — a
9 — i
18 – r

a caste of sub-Saharan blacks

Speaking of phrases that “appear to be novel in the history of the Internet,” that one is another iSteve original (zero google hits).

The closest variant, from a commenter at Vlad Tepes Blog, Sept. 2017, is:

a slave caste of sub-Saharan Africans

From a comment to a post titled “Germany: Cop manhandles German woman with dog at festival of muslims.” Full context:

Cultivate inherent Muslim sadism by importing a slave caste of sub-Saharan Africans. With an IQ averaging between 68 and 80, they’ll be incapable of functioning independently in a modern society. Poor impulse control, they’ll require the sort of discipline that degenerates the character of the master.

This will end in tears.

b) chair.
s 19
t 20
e 5
a 1
k 11

c 3
h 8
a 1
i 9
r 18

Chair

chair. Numbers signify characters in the alphabet.

Just replace each number with the letter that falls in that number’s position in the alphabet. So:

19:s
20:t
5:e
1:a
11:k

and:

3:c
8:h
1:a
9:i
18:r

so it’s (b).

The answer is b, chair.

The numbers correspond to the positions in the alphabet of the letters in the words, e.g. s-19, t-20, etc.

I’d be interested in seeing what kind of ultimate resolution to the Gypsy conundrum could be come up with by a non-international communitarian polity.

also involves consanguinity and tolerance for cheating outsiders. When I first read about it, the latter came as quite a surprise.

Is there literature on this?

Chair

https://www.yahoo.com/news/brokaw-says-feels-terrible-commentary-offended-hispanics-010102868--politics.html

But geographically dispersed hereditary groups have been rare in recent Europe

The Europeans had the most two pre-eminent dispersed hereditary groups prior to the world wars: The Jews all over the continent and the Germans in Eastern Europe. However unlike the Roma or Irish travelers, the Jews and the Germans were known as higher IQ than the surrounding population. Jealousy it would seem is a more dangerous emotion than contempt.

“European Man’s worldview and ethical system comes, traditionally, from its very rootedness in a given territory, on which they do the work and run the society from the ground up.”

Actually, this worldview was developed as various European ethnic groups fought for control of said territory for hundreds of years, with various “starts”, “stops”, and “ends”. It wasn’t until the 1500’s that we the European nations–Great Britain, France, Spain, the Netherlands–begin to stabilize and call a specific area “their own land”.

“Disapora peoples (Gypsies, Jews, Muslim immigrants of late in Europe) have developed very different set of ethics specifically because they are (or have been) “non-territorial.”

What all entails this “different set of ethics”? Please be specific here.

Maybe there are three types of mentality:

– Blood only

– Soil only

– You can guess the third; a combination of the above with an “and” in the middle.

Interesting comment. Jews seem to have a mentality of “blood only” for themselves and tolerate at most a “soil only” mentality in other groups on the planet. But frequently, it seems, Jews don’t even tolerate “soil only,” especially in groups they interact with or in groups that are especially strong and self-sufficient (Europeans). So maybe a fourth mentality would be: No Mentality?

Then you have the universalist ideologies like Christianity, Islam, and international Marxism. Would they be a fifth mentality?

Cultivate inherent Muslim sadism

What does this even mean, and how does it relate to the “importing” people?

what about the orthodox Jews?
https://www.jta.org/2017/08/18/united-states/new-yorks-orthodox-jews-are-expanding-into-these-towns-and-some-residents-arent-happy

Fairly widely dispersed, sure. Itinerant? I don’t think so.

S is 19th letter. T is 20th. Etc

Patriotism and loyalty to family are one force to try and maintain a group, but it requires constant reinforcement, as some of the folks across the border are pretty rich, good looking, etc.

But being nasty to other groups adds a whole new dimension to the effort of maintaining the group, as you have enlisted the other groups to help maintain your group.

Viginere cipher. Substitute letters for their place in 1,…,26.

Chair.

In the previous thread, Derbyshire linked to an article about Ireland with a picture of a bunch Nigerians standing around.

That reminded me of Roppongi in Tokyo.

The local paper set about doing a series to provide more nuance to people’s understanding of the situation, which usually begins and ends with drink spiking bar scams and stolen property fencing.

https://features.japantimes.co.jp/nigerians-in-japan/

Reading some of the articles left me with a much worse impression of the community than I had prior to reading.

Autumn of 2014 saw the inauguration of the Japan chapter of the Indigenous People of Biafra, an ethnic nationalist organization which has proliferated in countries that host Igbo immigrants. IPoB agitates for an independent Biafran state in southeastern Nigeria. A handful of other Igbo nationalist groups have coalesced in Japan over the past two decades, but IPoB quickly eclipsed its predecessors in both membership and fundraising capacity. In September 2015, the organization’s global director, Nnamdi Kanu, visited Japan and drew 300 people to a fundraising event in Ikebukuro.

Maybe this explains it.

If Nigerian Nationalist is around, perhaps he has some thoughts on it.

The old stereotype was “the Wandering Jew”. There is an element of truth in that, though not because the Jews really wanted to wander. What % of Jews today live in the country where their ancestors lived in 1800?

The answer is B, “chair.” The numbers stand for the positions of the letters in the alphabet. S=19; T=20; E=5; A=1; K=11.

Similarly, C=3; H=8; A=1; I=9; R=18.

The give-away is the triple 1 at the end of the number. Since there is no replication in the corresponding word, the numbers must join together so as also not to be adjacent replications. From that point, the rest is straightforward.

It seems to be chair, obviously.

In re ‘taxing people to death’, I would wager if you investigated the matter you’d discover it wasn’t the state or the crown doing that, for the most part, but local seigneurs. See Jerome Blum’s The End of the Old Order in Rural Europe for how extensive and intensive were feudal dues in Eastern Europe during the 18th c.

Does he mention the tax farming?

Since there is no replication in the corresponding word, the numbers must join together so as also not to be adjacent replications.

What do you mean?

But being nasty to other groups adds a whole new dimension to the effort of maintaining the group, as you have enlisted the other groups to help maintain your group.

Is this why some Jews seem almost to deliberately provoke some anti-Semitism and why they also do hate hoaxes?

Would also explain their abuse of the Palestinians and their aggression throughout the Middle East.

The old stereotype was “the Wandering Jew”. There is an element of truth in that, though not because the Jews really wanted to wander. What % of Jews today live in the country where their ancestors lived in 1800?

Jews seem to like to really spread around. We also have the history of the Radhanites, the traveling up into Europe with the Roman conquest, the travel along trade routes in Eurasia.

Simple. Ship them back to India. They have to go back.

The term “SJWism” inherently encompasses that sort of vicious mob dishonesty.

Not sure why IHTG thinks that’s a troll. I don’t get what the phrase is supposed to mean either, and there isn’t any explanation given at all.

Is it supposed to mean that groups inevitably form, and the people in new groups are in-grouped to each other and not to people outside the group? That’s so obvious as to be banal, but that isn’t “conservation of ingroupness”, which like physical conservation laws, would seem to have to mean that there can’t me any more or less ingroupness over time, which is pretty obviously false. There are more or fewer people over time, and each may not be a part of a particular in-group, or may be part of varying levels of concentric group loyalties: family, tribe, profession, polities, etc.

Maybe it’s supposed to mean that if people aren’t part of a particular level of ingroupness, say orphans not having a family, and unable to get that level of belonging directly, they will have a drive to substitute being part of a different ingroup, and if there are enough such people who come in contact, they will spontaneously form a new ingroup?

Mitch McConnell and Kevin McCarthy and the Republican Party ruling class globalizer rats do not support nationalism for the United States.

The USA must make the whole globe part of the American Empire’s ingroup. It is called Totalitarian Globalizer Inclusivity and I’m done with it. Trump is going along for the ride with the globalizers and their attacks on United States national sovereignty.

This Israeli nationalist Jew notices that bit about Conservatism Incorporated:

I keep thinking of those self-identified conservatives who knew for decades that I was a Jewish-Israeli nationalist and thought that was fine and good. But when it turned out I thought Brits and Americans could be nationalists too, they suddenly went all wobbly on me.

— Yoram Hazony (@yhazony) January 28, 2019

state was often what Libertarians imagine it to always be, an instrument for taxing you to death

It’s been a long time since I looked at income tax rates in pre-modern times, but I think they were generally much lower than those of today, rarely exceeding 10-20%.

Some clues about the Igbo here, but he doesn’t mention their “high degree of moral tolerance of cheating outsiders.”

http://evoandproud.blogspot.com/2015/07/the-jews-of-west-africa.html?m=1

prior to relatively recently the state was often what Libertarians imagine it to always be, an instrument for taxing you to death and conscripting your sons for wars.

The Cossacks are an interesting case. Their deal was that they’d be free of the serfdom system, but in exchange they’d fight the czar’s wars.

Adelson Ingroupness

Shelly Adelson bought and paid for Newt Gingrich in the 2012 GOP presidential primary. Newt Gingrich got 15 or 20 million dollars from Adelson in the 2012 presidential primary campaign.

Newt Gingrich is a fat globalizer treasonite who pushes mass legal immigration and amnesty for illegal alien invaders.

Shelly Adelson bought and paid for the GOP in the 2018 elections.

Shelly Adelson and President Trump have been in bed together for many years.

Newt Gingrich is now attacking Ann Coulter for honestly talking about how Trump has turned his back on his voters on immigration policy and foreign policy and the construction of a wall on the Mexico/USA border.

Newt Gingrich claims I'm in "fantasyland" for criticizing the president for breaking his central campaign promise. It has now come to my attention that Trump HAS built the full border wall & it's working BEAUTIFULLY. That is why Trump is sailing to re-election!

— Ann Coulter (@AnnCoulter) January 28, 2019

We already have “hate hoax.”

Be all of that as it may, I’d still hate to be a white guy caught farebeating there.

a bit off topic, but….file under the Zeroth. What thoughts will the children harbor in 2030 and able to vote?
———————————————–
AP-NORC poll: Most Americans oppose Trump’s foreign policy

“I just think that any time you buddy up with Russia or North Korea, it’s going to be bad business,” said Samantha Flowers, a 30-year-old third-grade teacher from Columbia, Missouri.

“Also, the way that he’s handling our neighboring countries — Mexico in particular. I think it just goes against our American values in general. We’ve been a welcoming and compassionate country,” she said before starting to recite words emblazoned on the Statue of Liberty, which reads in part: “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.”

https://www.yahoo.com/news/ap-norc-poll-most-americans-oppose-trumps-foreign-060048581.html

The Cossacks are an interesting case. Their deal was that they’d be free of the serfdom system, but in exchange they’d fight the czar’s wars.

What is interesting about that? Seems unexceptional.

Steve, how about a thread on Tom Brokaw getting skewered for saying Americans don’t want brown grandbabies and that hispanics need to do a better job assimilating?
https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/28/latino-activists-rip-brokaw-for-xenophobic-disrespectful-remarks-about-assimilation/

“A lot of this, we don’t want to talk about,” Brokaw explained. “But the fact is, on the Republican side, a lot of people see the rise of an extraordinary, important, new constituent in American politics, Hispanics, who will come here and all be Democrats. Also, I hear, when I push people a little harder, ‘Well, I don’t know whether I want brown grandbabies.’ I mean, that’s also a part of it.”

“It’s the intermarriage that is going on and the cultures that are conflicting with each other,” he continued. “I also happen to believe that the Hispanics should work harder at assimilation. That’s one of the things I’ve been saying for a long time. You know, they ought not to be just codified in their communities but make sure that all their kids are learning to speak English, and that they feel comfortable in the communities. And that’s going to take outreach on both sides, frankly.”

One thing I haven’t seen mentioned on these knacker threads…

1. They look the same as normal Irish people. Give them a shower and nice clothes and they’re indistinguishable from the rest. I think, besides their rotten behavior, this plays a big role in making people dislike them so much.

2. There is a small but steady trickle of them, mainly women, who integrate with mainstream society. There’s a few people, speech pathologists and the like, who provide elocution lessons to clients from Knacker backgrounds. It’s not well-advertised.

3. They almost never rape or murder people- it’s beating up, intimidating/bullying, ripping off, stealing, breaking things, and leaving trash everywhere.

4. Quite a few are indeed very wealthy, and are involved in horse breeding and what not. Those who are often send their children to private schools, and are generally well- liked and respected within that world. It’s more complicated than being treated as pariahs.

5. They have very high rates of alcoholism and suicide. Mental illness hits them hard. A comparison to Native Americans is more apt.

St Petersburg was built somewhat earlier, so was the Great Wall of China. Look up corvee labor.

I’m not sure that most serfs would be “taxed” at all in the strictest sense, but everything they did was loosely a tax in rhe sense that it was a mandatory transfer of value to the ruling class.

Start with Yankel’s Tavern and Israel Shahak’s Jewish History, Jewish Religion, and, if you can find it, the Israeli movie Crossfire.

Could you repeat that?

The Roma (Gypsies) and the Swedish/Norwegian Travelers are ethnically related to one another, but the Irish Travelers are not related to the first two groups. Is that correct?

Anon, Another racist question on an IQ test. Poor people live in food deserts, so they don’t know what a steak is, in sparsely furnished homes, lacking chairs. But they know their Jew landlord is a kite and he’ll rip off a peace in lieu of full rent.

Subscribestar is back.

I’m not aware of a definition of “itinerant” that refers to people whose ancestors have moved within the last 220 years; the term refers to people who themselves move frequently. Think David Banner in the old Hulk TV show.

That’s a pretty brilliant quote.

Brilliant and slightly scary.

Yes. It’s known as the Talmud.

If ever in the future I need some “busy work” undertaken by a small army, I will henceforth know right where to go.

I agree about conscription being pretty limited when the ITs were forming. Until the French Revolutionary wars, European armies were mostly tiny mercenary outfits. Lots of major European conflicts then were fought with armies in the hundreds or single digit thousands.

The way it happened back then too was more akin to kidnapping. A young man walking down the street in London or Dublin in 1770… boom he’s grabbed and pressed into the Royal Navy. Living like a gypsy wouldn’t protect you. I’ve read many accounts of British battles. None involve Irish Catholic conscripts. The footsoldiers I’d guess were most often the younger sons of yeoman farmers/lower gentry who joined voluntarily.

Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn loved to point out that the “absolute” monarchies of centuries ago demanded much less of their subjects in the way of conscription, taxation, and disclosure than do the democracies of today of their “citizens”.

The U.S. Government attempted to institute conscription during the Civil War, but only a modest number of people were actually inducted. People disinclined to volunteer for service could opt-out through paying…

We constantly hear about this being the cause of the Draft Riots, and certainly it was one. But did you know that conscription laws in the Union as well as the Confederacy also exempted blacks? I bet the Shanty Irish of Lower Manhattan just loved that little proviso!

We see the same situation today in Israel. They’d rather draft their own women than male Arabs, who are also exempt. (And possibly less manly. I’ll leave that for others.)

Until the French Revolutionary wars, European armies were mostly tiny mercenary outfits.

“Mercenary” could mean either the individual soldiers, or the unit as a whole.

The poor Hessians fighting in America are often wrongly maligned for being mercenaries, but that is false. They were loyal subjects in the service of their mercenary prince, who sent them all over Europe for a price.

But even the prince himself might not have been truly mercenary in his transoceanic adventure. He had some shirttail marital connection to George III, and it might simply have been more of a family thing.

The JV version of this question would be

19-20-5-1-11 is to steak as 3-8-1-9-18 is to

I agree that Jews for the most part lived as settled people and not like gypsies. Although in early America, pack peddler was a frequent Jewish occupation. I know that these guys went (on foot) from farm to farm selling what they carried on their back. Naturally they tried to keep the inventory light but high value per ounce – thread, needle, ribbons, buttons, shoelaces, spices, costume jewelry, little toys, etc. (I think they were more focused on selling to the women of the house). There were also wagon peddlers. Not clear to me where these folks slept at night. But this was usually a transitional career – as soon as you had saved enough you’d buy a shop in town (and then build a department store and then a chain of dept. stores).

But compared to most nationalities, 200 years is itinerant. There are many other nationalities where people’s ancestors have been living on the same land since Roman times if not before.

Since so many iSteveians answered Chair, allow me to propose a counter-answer:

Question 2: 19205111 is to steak as 381918 is to:

(a) peace

(b) chair

(c) person

(d) kite

Alternative solution:

(part 1) Notice that “19205111” has eight digits.
(part 2) Notice that the given, corresponding word “steak” has five letters.
(part 3) Calculate the above digit-to-letter ratio: 8-to-5, or 1.6.
(part 4) Notice that second number “381918” has six digits.
(part 5) To maintain the same ratio (1.6), the second number’s corresponding word must have 3.75 letters (6/1.6).
(part 6) As we cannot make three-fourths of a letter, round up to 4 letters.
(part 7) The corresponding second word must have four letters.
(part 8) Test answers to reject or accept:

– peace – five letters, Reject

– chair – five letters, Reject

– person – six letters, Reject

– kite – four letters, Accept!

Answer: (d), kite.

“He had some shirttail marital connection to George III”

He had an unhappy but fruitful marriage to George III’s sister Mary. She moved away to Denmark in 1756 and died in 1772 without ever returning. He converted to Catholicism, an odd thing to do, but didn’t attempt to make his family or subjects convert.

I think it was all about the money, not supporting his former brother in law.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Order_No._11_%281862%29

Answers like yours is why these tests usually ask for the “best answer” not “any arguably plausibly correct answer.”

The share of Jews who were born, lived, and died on the road in a wagon gypsy style was well under 1%.

Ashkenazi were just as mobile as their German Christian coevals. Many of the German settlers in the Jewish Pale areas, like the early Ashkenazi, came from the crowded Rhineland and settled east because of all the very cheap or free land. When that got too crowded, on to America.

I saw the answer right away. Maybe because I am smart, but maybe because of a Flynn effect: I’ve seen questions like this before.

Given it is easy if you know the trick, it isn’t a good question to measure IQ.

the term refers to people who themselves move frequently.

Jews don’t move frequently? Would the wandering Jew stereotype not be considered “itinerant” by these lights?

I think pack/wagon peddler was a solitary occupation for young men – usually unmarried. Even if they were, the family did not travel with them. Whereas gypsies travelled with their families and entire bands would travel together.

They’d rather draft their own women than male Arabs, who are also exempt. (And possibly less manly. I’ll leave that for others.)

Female Jews more masculine than Arab men? Interesting.

The poor Hessians fighting in America are often wrongly maligned for being mercenaries, but that is false. They were loyal subjects in the service of their mercenary prince, who sent them all over Europe for a price.

They were scabs interfering in other people’s homelands. Killing innocent people for filthy lucre. They deserve all the “maligning” they get.

It’s possible to overthink these tests as you did. The test giver would not be impressed. They just mark you as wrong. Generally speaking in any test, you should ask yourself, “is this the answer that the test author wants me to give?” Tests are not the right place to indulge your ego or your politics, etc. Just give them what they damn want.

Everybody stay warm out there!

We need to attach opprobrium to the attempted fixing of what ain’t broke.

New Hampshire is 94% white. It is now trying to figure out how to change that. https://t.co/aVB7YkkKFD

— The New York Times (@nytimes) July 28, 2018

Semi-OT:

https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2019-01-28/telling-fired-journalists-learn-code-now-abusive-behavior-twitter

Oh, these precious little Marxist snowflakes with their MFA’s and PhD’s! So strong, much independence! Except that, learning to code is only an acceptable strategy for filthy West Virginian coal miners when they get laid off.

Yes, according to them, being flooded with sarcastic tweets is exactly like being raped for weeks on a mountain of broken glass, and those Tweeters should be damned to Hell for time immemorial.

These snowflakes should be thanking God their Marxist leaders have managed to infiltrate so many important posts in the security structure of the US.

Otherwise, were the heat to rise, these snowflakes would melt in about five seconds flat.

Although in early America, pack peddler was a frequent Jewish occupation.

What about the post-War carpetbaggers? Or the Radhanites of Eurasia?

Yes but they could also use emergency powers and caste privilege to grab stuff, which forms a great deal of historical complaint against them. Chicken Pojarskie (breaded breast cutlets) supposedly came into being because the Tsar randomly stopped at P’s house while travelling, and you can’t send him away or tell him you have no food, nor can you serve him mere fried chicken (which is ridiculous because that would be the first thing a normal person would ask for upon becoming Tsar). This event might not be true but the legal reasoning was very real and was frequently abused by bad dynasties, giving us the transparency and selflessness of the Clintons. Kind of like how abortion was legalized on the grounds that it would save lives.

But compared to most nationalities, 200 years is itinerant. There are many other nationalities where people’s ancestors have been living on the same land since Roman times if not before.

True.

Do you think the appellation “landsman” reflects a newer attachedness to the land on the part of Jews?

Well “cheating” outside groups may be slight hyperbole. Or a matter of interpretation. But the practice of usury with outsiders but not with members of the tribe is, I believe, well documented among Jews.

Whenever I think of Irish travellers I think either of Brad Pitt in Snatch as “the Pikey” and his crew and the Minnie Driver show from the mid 2000s “the Riches ” about American Irish travellers

Carl’s Jr. believes no child should go hungry. You are an unfit mother. Your children will be placed in the custody of Carl’s Jr.

That’s Hardee’s in this neck of the woods, pardner.

But the practice of usury with outsiders but not with members of the tribe is, I believe, well documented among Jews.

Did they offer Jews more favorable terms than Gentiles?

On the same topic, does Jewish Law proscribe in any way Jews’ borrowing FROM Gentiles?

Did it originate in Yiddish or did the term already exist in earlier forms of German? I never read patriotism into it, the implication I am familiar with was that it was a guy who “spoke your language,” whose mores would be more familiar, asopposed to say an equally observant Jew who hailed from a much further European location. Imagine German Jewish immigrants in old New York discussing running into someone from Odessa.

8’But who knows what I’m overlooking’

Well the Koreans for one, tens of thousands of whom have lived in Japan since the early 20th century and who speak nothing but Japanese and yet are regarded as complete foreigners and denied job oppertunities. To say nothing of the Brazillian Japanese…

The distinction between being itinerant and being forced to frequently uproot and re-root is pretty clear and is discussed upthread; downthread 204 selflessly contributes hasbarah potshots.

Bigly OT, although it has something to do with conservation of ingroupness…

Why we got Blood Sacklers, but not some of these guys?

“Our cancer cure will be effective from day one, will last a duration of a few weeks and will have no or minimal side-effects at a much lower cost than most other treatments on the market,” Aridor said.

“Our solution will be both generic and personal.”

https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/A-cure-for-cancer-Israeli-scientists-say-they-think-they-found-one-578939

https://nypost.com/2019/01/24/nypd-child-abuse-squad-chief-ordered-detectives-to-work-like-mexicans/amp/

Apologies if this was already posted but it’s pretty funny. Since it was the child abuse squad I assume she meant “abet wealthy child abusers, and bury child bodies in wasteland.” Guess we should all be grateful that NYPD Homicide isn’t trying to work like Mexicans.

‘In the UK there was what might be termed anti Catholic pograms in the 1600s, so maybe the Travelers just dropped out of settled society to avoid punishment for being devout Catholics’

The word you are looking for is pogroms. They were not frequent. Most catholics were secret ones. Ireland was different from the rest of the British isles. Completely different situation. It would have been vastly more advantagous for the travellers to convert to protestantism (which is not to say there are not protestant travellers). Irish travellers are an amalgam of dropouts from society whom genetic science has proven originated from a few family clan groups from north central ireland but who quickly absorbed all sorts of marginal people. extreme inter breeding has melded these people together. Travellers are Catholic in name only. They prey on other people and have no qualms in doing so and do not subscribe to universal ethics. Not all of them are bad people but the majority are.

The wall may be stalled but work continues apace to Make Tejas Mexico again:

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/us/houston-police-shooting.html

Soon friends and relatives began calling: Local news stations were broadcasting from the scene of the shootout, and Ms. Bonilla’s house was on TV.

“Honey, let me tell you, I am locked in the house and I cannot leave,” she said. “It is so scary. It is crazy”

Sofia Franco, 53, a longtime resident, passed out bottles of water. She did not hear any gunshots, but said the shooting left her and her neighbors rattled.

“I’ve never seen this before,” she said of the neighborhood. “There was a lot of drugs before, maybe 10 years ago. But I’ve never seen this. It’s sad. It’s five police officers.”

‘Then consider the Chinese. They have an elevated level of group awareness and they enjoy cheating non-Chinese. Anyone who has done business in China knows it is a bandit economy for the outsider, but a completely different experience for the Chinese. Networks, connections, complex favor trading between groups. It is inscrutable to an outsider.’

Fine but this comes from the opposite of those marginalised groups. The Chinese thought they were the best civilisation and until the dawn of the 19th century they were. They believed they had the mandate of heaven and that it was ok to abuse inferior outsiders.

More success stories from the Eric Holder school of law enforcement.

https://nypost.com/2019/01/23/blame-de-blasio-for-the-soaring-violence-in-nyc-jails/amp/

Tragically and counterintuitively, there were 6,458 ­inmate fight/assault ­infractions in 1998 but more than 12,000 last year.

As I wrote in these pages last year, much of this can be ­explained by de Blasio’s focus on “equity” instead of security. So-called equity concerns seem to have guided his administration’s decisions to begin systematically rolling back the use of punitive segregation in late 2014. By mid-2016, the mayor took that option completely off the table for ­inmates age 21 and under.

‘Surnames started up as a way to collect taxes.’

Some of the oldest surnames in existence are Irish and they started off as patrilineal clan names.

Does he mention the tax farming?

Or the other kind? Hosin’ down your barn door, botherin’ your livestock?

India…there is no respect for the commons

This is Orientalism. You completely misunderstand the religio-cultural purpose of designated shitting streets.

Do you think the appellation “landsman” reflects a newer attachedness to the land on the part of Jews?

For what it’s worth, landsman is the Danish word for farmer.

‘What all entails this “different set of ethics”? Please be specific here.’

As people who do not have thier own self sustaining territory they must live amongst others and live off of other peoples. As such they have developed dual moral codes to make this easier and more efficient. The only really written down code available is the Talmud but two things:

It is only published in English in the redacted version

and it is really a compendium of all of Jewish diaspora life- you really have to wade through a lot of irrelevant commentary to get to the cold hard example of dual ethics.

I used to live in Southern MD and there was a family, the Proctor family, that is infamous for inbreeding. Many members had blindness or poor eyesight due to inbreeding. They were mixed with black, white and Native American but after the first generations they married each other.

They were scabs interfering in other people’s homelands.

Like Americans themselves weren’t? At least few of the Hessians stayed around.

Killing innocent people for filthy lucre.

You have sources for Hessian paychecks and bounties?

Jeez, I was at the anniversary celebration of Washington’s arrival in Pawling (for a two-month stay) a few years ago, and the patriotic speakers themselves defended the Hessian grunts.

You sound like the SJWs of today who keep bringing up the sins of the Confederacy. They have to– none of their ancestors were here for the war!

I used to live in Southern MD and there was a family, the Proctor family, that is infamous for inbreeding.

Were they studied with proctorscopes?

‘The distinction between being itinerant and being forced to frequently uproot and re-root is pretty clear and is discussed upthread’

You people never give up do you?

I myself draw a distinction between nomandic peoples (you might find them at the watering hole with thier animals in the spring and at the horse fair in the summer each and every year) and people who move to different countries for more oppurtunities to rip off the natives. One group is nomadic moving with the seasons the other is itinerant. Of course to people like you Jews were ‘forced’ to infiltrate countries and become filthy rich.

‘They look the same as normal Irish people. Give them a shower and nice clothes and they’re indistinguishable from the rest. I think, besides their rotten behavior, this plays a big role in making people dislike them so much.’

I can spot a traveller at 200 paces.

‘Quite a few are indeed very wealthy, and are involved in horse breeding and what not. Those who are often send their children to private schools, and are generally well- liked and respected within that world. It’s more complicated than being treated as pariahs.’

Indeed they are. You try not paying taxes for generations while ripping people off and you will become very rich indeed.

‘I’m not sure that most serfs would be “taxed” at all in the strictest sense’

It was common for Jews to be given keys to the local church and refuse to open it untill the church tax had been payed by serfs in coins.

The Irish travellers are not realted to the Roma or any other gypsies (barring recent strategic mixed marriages). They are a subset of the Irish population that has become distinct through heavvy inbreeding and genetic drift.

They’d rather draft their own women than male Arabs, who are also exempt. (And possibly less manly. I’ll leave that for others.)

Arab men are manly men. Just because they cannot fight their way out of a p!$$-sodden brown paper sack does not diminish their manly manness.

And don’t you forget it!

‘On the same topic, does Jewish Law proscribe in any way Jews’ borrowing FROM Gentiles?’

Actually yes it does. At the very least it advises against it.

Thank you to all for solving the IQ test question for me. All I can say is AAARRRRGGGHHH!

Literally my first idea was a substitution cipher. I’m now trying to figure out how that didn’t lead me to the answer. I remember that I seemed to discard the idea because the number of digits bore no relation to the number of letters. Of course with 26 letters, you’d have some 2-digit elements, most elements in fact.

One thing that does occur to me now is that I’ll never have a problem with such puzzles again, and that might suggest that test prep would work for puzzle-related IQ tests, although there are so many other ways that full-blown IQ tests come at you that perhaps it wouldn’t help your overall score that much.

Arab men are manly men. Just because they cannot fight their way out of a p!$$-sodden brown paper sack does not diminish their manly manness.

Moshe Dayan asked what the secret to military success was, and his answer in two words was “Fight Arabs”.

I do hope your wet sack isn’t the one Antonin Scalia wore out of the Court when Obergefell was decided.

Malicious bigotry or maligotry.

Right, their lives were defined by obligations to the lord and his administrators (which could be abruptly expanded when the lord lost at cards), but they didn’t have an income tax. In Yankel’s Tavern there’s a description of alcohol monopoly and compelling peasants to accept owed wages in the form of alcohol, lots of “company town” stuff.

But it existed in older forms of German (so the Russian hackers tell me, I am not a German linguist) with the same meaning of “compatriot.” If my reading is correct then it did not originate in Yiddish, it was brought into Yiddish from Medieval German.

I would add that Chinese are pretty damn okay with cheating each other. Chinese moral obligations are almost all to relations by blood or marriage. When you cross the street you almost cross a border.

Landsmann is a perfectly good German word and it means (the same in Yiddish and German) simply “countryman” – someone who is from the same country as you.

Interesting.

Actually yes it does. At the very least it advises against it.

How come? Is any reason given? Does it also advise against borrowing from other Jews?

When a journalist tells a working class person to learn to code it is different from a working class person telling a journalist to learn to code.

I am told by a person in the know that tweeting "learn to code" at any recently laid off journalist will be treated as "abusive behavior" and is a violation of Twitter's Terms of Service

— Jon Levine (@LevineJonathan) January 28, 2019

In southeast Chicago, even in the sixties and into the seventies, if you wanted a good men’s suit you went to “Jewtown”, an area around Maxwell Street. And if someone started hollering in the alleyway, they were said to be “howling like a rag sheeny”. I didn’t associate this with Jews until I was well into my teens. No hate or animosity seemed to be connected to these terms, these were “mill hunkies” and Polacks (as they called themselves) and that was just how they talked.

I had to watch myself lest I used these terms growing up in St. Louis (County: before gentrification no white people lived in the city proper then) . There were Jewish students in the school and I neither wanted to give offense nor were they particularly touchy but manners are manners. I was very interested in a particular Jewess who was a very successful swimmer and later became the weather person for several years on a St. Louis TV station. My dad put the kibosh on that tout de suite when he got wind of it.

In Kansas City, Harold Pener is still the place to go if you want to dress like upscale Blacks. They do get a few country types too.

According to History of Rensselaer County, New York, 1880 by Nathaniel Bartlett Sylvester,

But fully to understand the import of the events of this battle-summer of 1777, an examination of the antecedent circumstances which had aided in bringing together a certain portion of the army of Great Britain in America must not be omitted. For the last century the word “Hessian” has been used in this country,—first, to signify a mean-spirited man who for money hires himself to do the dirty work of another, and generally as an epithet of opprobrium. The word, with these meanings, was never recognized until after the defeat of Burgoyne, at Saratoga; and the peculiar infamy which since then has attached to it is derived from the supposed voluntary [emphasis original] employment of the Hessian soldiery by Great Britain against the Americans. That there was no such voluntary employment is historically true, and the reproach which has so long been connected with the word Hessian in this country is as underserved as it is unfounded. The Hessian soldiery had no more option in their employment to fight against Americans than had the negores of the South, who were brought in slave-ships….(p36)

Although there was much opposition to hiring mercenaries in England, nonetheless, a deal was made between the British government and some German princes, and it is they who were the ones who made the money selling their subjects.

But to the Landgraves of Hesse-Cassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, and
to the Duke of Brunswick attach a deeper infamy and a disgrace more damnable for the manner in which they obtained possession of the persons of their miserable subjects. Not daring to inform them that they were to be employed in a foreign service, their brutal masters seized them as they knelt in worship in their churches on the day especially sacred to God, or caught them as they strove to leave the sacred edifices, and, binding them in coffles, without permitting them to bid adieu to wife or children, tore them from home and friends and sent them to a foreign land which to many of them was to be their grave….(p39)

https://archive.org/details/historyofrenssel00sylv/page/n5

Would a Jewish-German refer to a Gentile-German as his landsman?

Anonymous 204 is a troll.

Cossacks emerged centuries before introduction of serfdom. For most of their history they fought not “czar’s wars” but their own.

An interesting tidbit: before the 18th century, the department of Russian government that dealt with Cossacks was the Foreign Service.

I’m not sure that most serfs would be “taxed” at all in the strictest sense, but everything they did was loosely a tax in rhe sense that it was a mandatory transfer of value to the ruling class.

Serfs (and slaves) were property or attached to property, so that’s an altogether different proposition.

We are talking about free people. In pre-modern times, it was highly unusual to levy an income/produce tax in excess of 10-15% – on farmers, laborers, artisans, merchants, property owners, etc. Such taxation was considered confiscatory and would result in rebellions. Exceptions would be in Eastern Europe where the Jewish tax farmers gained notoriety for squeezing the peasants and minor landowners.

It’s only when the modern state became so dominant that it began to inure people to extreme rates of taxation. Shucks, my wife and I basically work for the state (fed+state) for at least a third of the year.

As others have pointed out, conscription was also not pervasive prior to the Napoleonic Wars. In the 16th century, mercenaries led by condottieris were often utilized. Later in the 17th and 18th centuries, most European states preferred quality over quantity for their national armies. And they did so for good reasons. Prior to the development of good roads, transport, supply, and even food preservation system, a large mob of untrained men merely consumed scarce resources without generating much combat power. And they were liable to be diseased rather quickly.

The French Revolution broke all that and thus began the ideology of levée en masse, assisted by developments in all the factors listed above (e.g. canning food was first developed during the Napoleonic Wars though it was never widely used until later).

It was only in the 19th century that the heavy centralization of state was accompanied by mass conscription and high taxation.

Arab men are manly men. Just because they cannot fight their way out of a p!$$-sodden brown paper sack does not diminish their manly manness.

The debriefing of the Kuwaiti Air Force pilots who fled Saddam Hussein’s invasion was apparently quite humorous. They almost uniformly all reported shooting down dozens of Iraqi aircraft each before fleeing to KSA, and doing so only because they ran out of ordnance and fuel.

One wonders how the Iraqis were able to completely annihilate the Kuwaiti military in a couple of days despite the such heroic bravery and super human-like skill of the Kuwaiti military personnel.

Of course, the Qataris did pretty well in Desert Storm… oh, wait, those were not actual Qataris…

Not only do Arabs generally not make good soldiers, they are also mechanically inept and sloppy in the extreme. There is a reason why maintenance is left to us Americans, the Brits, the French, and even the Koreans.

I would add that Chinese are pretty damn okay with cheating each other. Chinese moral obligations are almost all to relations by blood or marriage. When you cross the street you almost cross a border.

Yeah, I don’t know why some people keep projecting ethnic nepotism onto the Chinese here. China is still a low trust society and the Chinese cheat each other with gusto (though I think corruption – which is tied to cheating – is declining and will continue to do so in China). Corruption generally operates on a J-curve (upside down J-curve) in that it tends to increase as the economy develops until a certain critical point is reaches, at which point it begins to decline. I suspect cheating is the same.

I said if they were cleaned up, wearing normal clothes. I’m talking about their physiology. Once hygiene and style are accounted for, they have the hair, eye color, face and body shape of the average Irish person. So, they’re not abnormally short or dark haired and dark eyed, for example. I know it’s a big if. But the lad in the photo down in New Zealand- he’s the spitting image of Brendan Behan. Keep Jamie Dornan away from a shower for a few weeks and give him some ratty clothes and too much booze and he could pass. They’re Irish people.

One thing that does occur to me now is that I’ll never have a problem with such puzzles again

At the very least, finding that particular solution won’t be a problem again. There probably is also a bit of learning the “rules of the rules”—ah, the numbers can simply represent positions in the alphabet—this meta-knowledge would allow you to infer in the future that this is not necessarily some extremely complex mathematical problem.

I like to do chess puzzles in my spare time—you are given a setup and have to “find the best move” for White or Black. Sometimes there is a really clever move waiting to be found, allowing you to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat. But sometimes it’s pretty meh, like: Really? That is the killer move here? It just leads to stalemate at best.

So with puzzles, sometimes there’s a brilliant solution, and sometimes there’s just a pretty drab solution. They don’t tell you in advance which it is.

Only black women use the term grand babies.

Apparently there is a community of travellers in South Carolina.

https://theaccidentalphotographer.me/2018/03/22/the-irish-travellers-of-murphy-village-sc-usa/

https://theaccidentalphotographer.me/2019/01/27/an-insight-into-murphy-villages-irish-travellers-community/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murphys_Estates,_South_Carolina

Serfs (and slaves) were property or attached to property, so that’s an altogether different proposition.

Russian serfs had the idea (which probably had analogs in the west) that they belonged to the lord “but the land belongs to the serfs,” so that they were still seeing themselves as autonomous but suffering an obligation, rather than the objectification that is commonly used to describe them. So they could still see a particular instance of corvee labor or “quota” increase as unreasonable (not a tax, but pretty much the same thing), and run away from it like in Steve’s idea, and not be running away from “everything.” There were actually court cases in the nineteenth century where they “sued” their lords for being exorbitant. A lot of the problems with Jews (besides overseers being greedy) came from the unwritten rules which serfs thought of as binding.

Is that the Derbyshires at 0:30?

Cossacks were one of the great analogs to the American idea, like Switzerland to the present, the early modern Dutch, the Czechs until the German princelings crushed them (supposedly there was a Japanese city-state crushed by Oda Nobunaga which fit this pattern; they are given a heroic massacre scene in a Shinobi no Mono sequel but I do not know how historically accurate this was), etc.. Cossacks considered it a requirement that a man be armed and proficient with his arms, and tolerated assimilating outsiders (including Jews) so long as they assimilated.
There is an interesting chapter of the Cossack story that goes straight to the problem of conserving ingroupness. There was a particular settlement of Cossacks that had a number of assimilated Jews and some Tatars (ingroupness conserved by cultural assimilation). However, efforts by historians to translate the records of that settlement have been frustrated (by Russian governments) and discouraged or not encouraged (by Jewish leaders) — most probably because that community complicates modern conceptions of ingroupness.

This is what went through my mind:

19205111 (YMD): May 11, 1920 (at 1 o’clock?)
381918 (MDY) – March 8, 1918

In 1920, May 11 fell on a Tuesday. As I indicated, the extra 1 at the end could stand for the time of day – 0100 or 1300. If the former, the steak was a late-night snack; if the latter, it was a lunch entree.

In 1918, March 8 fell on a Friday. World War I was still raging, so obviously peace is the wrong answer. With war and influenza taking their toll, not too many folks had the time to sit around in their chairs, so chair is out, as well.

So that leaves person and kite as the only two possible answers. How to decide between them?

Well, the answer lies in relation to steak. See, steak is a premium item – a luxury, even, in a time of war. And kites are a luxury item, as well. If you have the time and ability to go fly a kite, then you probably don’t have to worry about things like machine guns, global pandemics, or trench foot.

But what is the significance of eating steak on a Tuesday in May? Well, an old poem tells us that “Tuesday’s child is full of grace.” And May is a graceful time of year – it’s full of flowers, while April, the cruelest month, is full of showers.

So steak = grace. And kites are graceful, except when they’re flown by Charlie Brown.

So obviously the correct answer is kite.

We can’t help it. We wanted go return to Chicago from San Diego on Tuesday, but Southwest cancelled our flight. Have to stay here till Friday.

(But who knows what I’m overlooking.)

Jews.

Tom Brokaw identifies as a proud black grandmother.

supposedly there was a Japanese city-state crushed by Oda Nobunaga which fit this pattern

Are you referring to Oda Nobunaga’s defeat of the Ikko-ikki warrior-monk sect and the destruction of Hongan-Ji?

some Tatars

Some 17th century Tatars even assimilated into Polish military life and were later taken into service, despite being Muslims, into Napoleon’s Guard along with Polish light cavalry, which served with distinction as lancers (with lances taken in battle from Austrian Uhlans, which was made up of Galicians).

Isn’t that what being in the military is all about? Shooting people for money? How were the Hessians any different from modern armed forces? I’m no pacifist or army hater but let’s be frank and blunt.

Germans in Eastern Europe assimilated, see German Gref of Sberbank, as they both could and wanted to.

Not heard of Cagots before. Sounds like they were isolated by the surrounding populace but as they were similar and desired to assimilate they duly did once transportation advances meant the world no longer consisted of just your local village. Seems as if the Japanese Burakunim followed a similar path. Irish pikeys could assimilate if they wanted, genetically they are Irish, but few seem to want to. Attempts have been made to assimilate Jews and Romany Gypsies but neither group wishes to and they differ significantly from surrounding populations.

The Metis in Manitoba, Canada are descendants of French fur trappers and Indian women.

I’m confused: Is it racist for a person of European descent to call someone a ‘blacksmith’ even if they consider them to be “normal?”

Maybe it’s less insidious; maybe she just means she wants them to do a half-assed job as quickly as possible then pick up a case of beer and drive home drinking it.

Or even to just sit around scratching their asses and mumbling “mañana….”

Don’t be so quick to harshly judge this Woman of Colour who is obviously just trying to encourage her subordinates to relax a little while emracing the ways of “that proud people” of Tom Brokaw’s praise.

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/arenda-jewish-virtual-library

The arenda system was widespread in the economy of Poland -Lithuania from the late Middle Ages.

I. Great Arenda
This term refers to the lease of public revenues and monopolies. The first leases to be held by Jews were of royal revenues and functions: the mint, salt mines, customs, and tax farming…

II. Agricultural Arenda
This term refers to the lease of landed estates or of specific branches (in agriculture, forestry, and processing), in which Jews gradually became predominant in eastern Poland during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Common..tell me how those street shitters are any different. If anything, oriental despotism allowed the orientals to be quite well behaved [and robotic/monotonous] not given to mass gang rape and the likes. Take a walk down some regular street with your wife (an average white woman) in Beijing at around 8pm and try to do the same in New Delhi. And tell me they are the same people.Both of them do share traits of extreme clannishness (more so for the indians due to their extremely heterogeneous society that has made them pretty adept at this) and can easily fool most of us in business. Perhaps the irish or italians can ‘handle’ them better.

In any case both these behemoth groups are currently doing us in via legal immigration and the verbally facile Indians put a nice libertarian spin on it. But at the end of the day, we are loosing while they seem to be winning big time

I don’t know Japanese history well, but I know there was some cultural and political variety that was homogenized as part of unification, and it would be a likely site of such an analog as I describe. Shinobi no Mono was made during the period when US Army censors would read Japanese scripts and aggressively intervene, so it is also possible that any parallels to the benevolent occupiers would be exaggerated. There is sort of a similar scene in Thirteen Assassins, an unexpected but brilliant endorsement of the Second Amendment: a sadistic high-ranking lord is prevented from entering and potentially terrorizing a community by men with bangsticks.

“conservation of ingroupness” sounds more like:
Established “in groups” tend to persist.

One could think of it as the “surface energy” idea used to describe the “toughness” of solids. Very loosely, the atoms within a solid cohere, attract one another. Think of them as like the magnet balls sold as toys [1] in that they attract each other; you must pull then to part them. When you pull the magnets apart, you do some work. The harder you have to pull, the more work you have to do.

Solids are like that also [2]. Making a new surface (say, by cutting) takes energy, and one can say that the material has a work/new area (joules/square meter) specific to the material. For some materials, work/square meter is low, and these are called “brittle”. Jelly is brittle, so is cast iron. For other materials, the work/square meter is high, and these materials are called “tough”. Most biological materials are tough (skin & leather, for example), and steel is tough.

Apparently, the assertion is that there is something similar for groups. One could, very crudely, measure the energy cost of joining a new group. Biology tends to avoid high caloric costs (absent some compensatory energy gain), so it’s a plausible measure. Sociology doesn’t usually link human behavior to physical quantities, however, so that approach is not likely to be pursued.

Given the above analogy, one might rephrase the law as “In groups are tougher than they look.”

Counterinsurgency

1] See Amazon.com, search for “magnet balls”
2] J. E. Gordon.
_Structures: Or Why Things Don’t Fall Down_

“conservation of ingroupness” sounds more like:
Established “in groups” tend to persist.

With due respect, counterinsurgency, I would guess the meaning is in the ballpark of something opposite your idea. I think “conservation” refers to efforts and energy expended by groups in order to maintain separation from other groups.

Things fall apart.

I have the impression that press gangs mostly brought in prisoners, the mentally ill, drunkards, vagrants, etc. The dregs of society, if you will.

You have to be smart and creative but not too smart and creative.

Some of the oldest surnames in existence are Irish and they started off as patrilineal clan names.

I was writing with England in mind, but you are correct about the Celts, or, even pre-Celtic peoples.

My Irish ancestors dropped the O from O’Sullivan and became Sullivans.

My Scottish ancestors dropped the Mc from McGivens and became Givens.

The Cagots are an interesting case. Has it ever been figured out just who they are?

One theory holds that they’re basically the same as their neighbors but that they used to do work considered unclean, much like the Dalit and Burakumin.

Another theory holds they were treated so cruelly because they were the descendants of Muslim invaders or locals who converted to Islam then had to convert back to Christianity after the Reconquista.

Proverbs 22-7 looks askance at borrowing, as a mild form of slavery. So yes Jewish law frowns on borrowing from other Jews as well.

Why would an army conscript its enemies?

Putting lots of boys and girls together for military service likely generates lots of babies and marriages. That could be the primary motivation, and it’s not a bad one.

The Germans of Eastern Europe were most assuredly not assimilated. They spoke German, identified as German, had their own villages – with German architecture. After WW2 they were forced out of the towns they had lived in for hundreds of years, forced to return to Germany proper and millions died during this forced removal.

No they didn’t.

They grabbed everyone they could. They often raided construction sites , road gangs and waited outside banks and stores to grab men at closing time.
The Spitshead mutiny rebellion was stated and carried out by some gentlemen lawyers & law clerks who had been impressed outside their offices after work. The mutiny was severely repressed.

Interesting that the other maritime powers had no problem recruiting sailors. Only the English needed impressment because the conditions such as being whipped to death were so horrible

I read the internet articles. Interesting lots of theories but no real evidence of anything.

3 of the occupations they were restricted to were carpentry cabinetry and butchery. But those carpentry and butchery are 2 of the most common occupations.

People always need someone to look down on. Just read Jeff Stryker’s opinions about White Americans.

Co-Ed university should serve the exact same purpose but we have created a climate where a young man approaches a young woman at his peril. I told that to my son in the least awkward way I could. 25 years later your whole life can be ruined. I would assume we would do the same if we had a draft.

The exemption required $300. cash That’s about $7,500 today. Most people didn’t have that much in cash to pay for the exemption. The average man today doesn’t have $7500 cash today if he suddenly needs it.

Proverbs 22-7 looks askance at borrowing, as a mild form of slavery. So yes Jewish law frowns on borrowing from other Jews as well.

Thank you. Does it also look askance at lending, as a mild form of slavery? Or does it permit being the master, while disapprove of being the slave? Is a distinction made between being creditors to Jewish debtors versus Gentile ones?

The basic industry of every China town in the world is extortion of other Chinese. The other industry is small businesses that exist by lie cheat and steal.

In England as late as the 1830s free farm laborers were given cheap beer and ale brewed by the farm owner as wages. The wives were expected to have a vegetable garden and raise a pig and a couple chickens to feed the family on the tiny little space around the row house cottages. One reason why the everage height of English men went from 5’6 in the 1630s to 5’3 by 1890.

They’d sleep at the farms trading posts taverns along the road. They took orders, and went on the same routes year after year building trust. The wives stayed at home buying inventory. Once they bought a couple mules they supplied the trading posts

The mail order business grew from those peddlers .

Charging interest is forbidden among Jews, hence the common meme of Jewish merchants telling each other how badly their business is doing

In England as late as the 1830s free farm laborers were given cheap beer and ale brewed by the farm owner as wages.

By Jewish administrators?

I would strongly disagree with describing Jewish merchants as cheating customers; While Jews are tough businessmen and can be demanding customers, they are too smart to damage a store’s reputation by cheating. Like lawbreaking in general, they are too intelligent for low level stupidity.

If you want to get blatantly ripped off, I would suggest dealing with the christian working class.

Many if not most western fur trappers in the early days at least, were half breed or full Indian from east of the Mississippi river; having one foot in both worlds gave them an edge in dealing.

beer and ale were drunk by all laborers as water was often infected with various fatal disease.

The Wiki entry has an interesting idea: Cagots could have been a carpentry guild that did well during an explosion of Medieval pilgrimage activity but fell into extreme disrepute with economic volatility, and which possibly made enemies when riding high, like the Templars. The guild explanation takes care of the lack of distinguishing features, the restriction of professions, and the geographical distribution (Cagots were found along a major pilgrimage route).

The nepotistic coherence is a necessary flubb because Chinese are much less intimidating when you know how well they cooperate.

The Talmud understands it as referring to intra Jewish loans. The Rabbis understood that under some circumstances the extension of loans was desirable( hence the establishment of pruzbul to circumvent biblical expiration of debts every seven years), so they didn’t discourage lending, only borrowing. Intra Jewish loans are by law interest free, hence lenders require rabbinic encouragement. Jewish/Gentile loans are interest bearing by law, so needn’t be encouraged.

Jewish administrators were an Eastern European phenomenon, they hardly existed in England.

The wiki on the Cagot is very weak. Even putting aside that no one was anxious to document their Cagot family history (because they disappeared before being able to claim victimhood gave you status) the sources regarding the Cagot seem very vague. Some of the stories about the Cagot may be real but others sound like legends.

The Shiites of Iran had a similar idea that Jews were unclean and that contact with them would require ritual purification before you were fit for prayer. They were forbidden to go out in the rain because they might splash onto a Muslim and were confined to certain professions and treated worse than Mahershala Ali got treated in Green Book.

And of course there are the Dalit of India, the Burakumin of Japan and so on – confining certain people to certain “unclean” hereditary professions seems to be a common human thread. Probably at some point in the distant past there was some real risk of disease that caused societies to segregate those engaged in certain disease spreading occupations from the everyone else but after a while the custom outlived the rationale.

I stay away for two days and this happens. I was trying to imply the idea of the conservation of ingroup preference, the more you give it to strangers the less you give to those closer in concentric terms with fewer expectations of help and also fewer obligations.

It’s intuitive like you say and is the kind of thing 3 year olds understand but 22 year olds don’t because they’ve been socialised not to understand. (At least in the West.)

I was most recently inspired by an Arab man writing about how he was amazed that Americans could accept (his words, not mine) so many outsiders and foreigners but be so distant from their close and extended families. He found this a perplexing contradiction. When in reality it’s not a contradiction at all. Universalistic societies are like that precisely because everyone isn’t engaging in familialism. He just came from a familialist society so every relationship comes with obligations to conspire.

This is why immigration should at the least only be from outside groups who are generally less ethnocentric than the receiving one.

That’s a joke.

At hardware store, a broom lay near the counter. Worker 1 buying wares needed to do job at great prices. Boss later checks receipt, asks, why the broom?

Worker 2 buys stuff for boss, checks receipt. Hey why charge me for a broom? Oh, oy veh, you’re not buying that?

How many times does the broom get sold in a day?

Next week, small shovel is on the edge of the counter…

This lore is passed down because it must be, not to indulge hate receptors in the brain.

The basic industry of every China town in the world is extortion of other Chinese. The other industry is small businesses that exist by lie cheat and steal.

I don’t have a high regard for Chinese immigration, but your assertion is over-the-top.

Probably at some point in the distant past there was some real risk of disease that caused societies to segregate those engaged in certain disease spreading occupations from the everyone else but after a while the custom outlived the rationale.

We don’t have evidence for causation either way – that is, whether the pariah groups became so, because they engaged in unclean profession (tanning, butchering, etc.) or whether the pariah groups were pushed into the unclean professions, because they were pariahs.

One reason why the everage height of English men went from 5’6 in the 1630s to 5’3 by 1890.

That likely had to do with urbanization and industrialization.

Farm workers, unless they were serfs or slaves, were fed better than urban laborers (and pastoralists fed better still). Cities were high on viral and bacterial loads and the urban labor force and its dependents were generally very poorly fed, worked under appalling conditions, and were frequently diseased.

The early phase of urbanization and industrialization almost always accompany stunted growth, poor public health, etc.

Putting lots of boys and girls together for military service likely generates lots of babies and marriages. That could be the primary motivation, and it’s not a bad one.

It also generates a lot of drama that is totally antithetical to the esprit de corps necessary for a military force.

We need to attach opprobrium to the attempted fixing of what ain’t broke.

I wouldn’t say NH “ain’t broke.” One of the reasons why it is so white is for the same reason why certain plains states are very white – poor economic environment that leads many young, educated people away to other areas, and that also doesn’t attract nonwhite immigrants. And the weather isn’t that great if you don’t like the cold (again, like some plains states). And most people don’t.

so every relationship comes with obligations to conspire.

What do you mean by “obligations to conspire”?

Are you asking rhetorically?

Surely we are all agreed that New Hampshire is bleak and lonely, but the original question is whether it would be helped with the influx of basketball-Americans?

Didn’t England have a very few, very early, and they were expelled by King John? They taught the Saxon to hate long before achieving the Polish scale.

No. That’s one benefit of low popularity.

Are you asking rhetorically?

Are you familiar with relationships that come with “an obligation to conspire”?

It’s an interesting idea.

Right, things fall apart.
Some things don’t fall apart.
_Most_ things we see haven’t fallen apart.

Apart from the anthropic principle, why is that?

Ethnologits tend to think in terms of foraging efficiency, and perhaps predator avoidance. Combine that with efforts and energy expended by groups in order to maintain separation from other groups. Perhaps some variant of that could explain group cohesion?

Counerinsurgency

The coalition that supports the Democrats is led by New England (Yankees) and New York City (traders). Both get what they want. New York needs immigrants because it needs political power (votes). New England has academic and corporate leadership, and needs no immigrants. California (which is sort of a leisure time subsidy of the above two areas) is a dumping ground, used to make rhetorical points and do all the icky engineering stuff.

So: NYC has the immigrants (including Blacks, unassimilated immigrants from the SouthEast), and New England doesn’t.

Choice, not chance.

Counterinsurgency

Or maybe the employee wanted a broom for himself and for his boss to pay for it?

This is exactly why these urban legends are not true. You are a contractor spending thousands of $ at a hardware store – you send employees to pick up stuff every week if not every day. You get charged for a item you didn’t buy once – OK, it’s a mistake. 2nd time – you become suspicious. 3rd time – you take your business elsewhere.

I don’t know what it signifies, but in the West some of the major pariah groups (Gypsies, Irish Travellers) didn’t have “unclean” professions, just ones where the demand was too small in any location to support a stationary business (e.g. tinkering).

Reading the wikipedia article indicates that gentlemen normally were exempt from getting pressed, except possibly when there was a ‘hot press’. Also that the Navy mainly impressed merchantmen, which I plainly forgot about. Furthermore, the criminals seem to have come from a parallel institution, “the quota system”, where counties had to provide a certain number of men.

However, I couldn’t see anything about press gangs causing the Spitshead mutiny. The same source (W) claims it was due to bad conditions on the ships as far as I can see.

That was 600 years previously. I doubt it had much to do with attitudes in the 19th century.

Didn’t England have a very few, very early, and they were expelled by King John? They taught the Saxon to hate long before achieving the Polish scale.

They had returned by the 19th Century, hadn’t they? There were Jewish characters in Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Dickens. Was Chaucer himself Jewish?

They were let back in by Cromwell and did increasingly better with industrialization.
>was Chaucer Jewish
No an Anglicist but I would bet several limbs “no.”

My understanding of pressing was that it was nominally constant but practically ad hoc: supposedly there was a big public stair in a square in Rome where, if the Spanish army caught you at night, you would be pressed for them; Patrick O’Brien has an ad hoc pressing in an Aubrey-Maturin novel where they just rob a low-class dockside bar of its patrons at closing time. So there would be a lot of irregularity, and both real and claimed “fugitive from a chain gang” situations.